We provide a methodology to disentangle the long-run relation between variables from their own dynamics. Macroeconomic and aggregate financial series have a high degree of inertia. If this persistence is not properly accounted for, spurious correlations will give rise to paradoxes. Our procedure...

Suppose we have observations ranging over t=0,1,…T on real net investment, {I_{n,t}}₀^{T}, and on real gross investment, {I_{g,t}}₀^{T}. We derive a method of calculating the depreciation rate for each of the periods {δ_{t}}₁^{T}, and estimating `the' implied net capital stock...

We derive a method to link exactly the autocovariance functions of two arbitrary instantaneous transformations of a time series. This is useful, for example, when one wishes to describe the time-series effect of applying a nonlinear transformation to a series whose properties are known. As an...