Liquidity providers (LPs) on decentralized exchanges pay a fixed transaction cost (gas price) whenever they update their positions. Different economies of scale across LPs lead in equilibrium to the fragmentation of liquidity supply between low- and high-fee pools. Using data on liquidity...

Bitcoin users can offer fees to miners who record their transactions in the block-chain. We document high variation of bitcoin fees, not only over time, but also within blocks. Further, the block-chain rarely runs at capacity, even though fees tend to be higher when blocks are fuller, so miners...

In the months preceding the failure of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, banks were willing to pay a premium over the Federal Reserve's discount window (DW) rate to participate in the much less flexible Term Auction Facility (TAF). We empirically test the predictions of a new signalling model...

When regulating banks based on their contribution to the overall risk of the banking system we have to consider that the risk of the banking system as well as each bank's risk contribution changes once bank equity capital gets reallocated. We define macroprudential capital requirements as the...

Trade credit can serve as a strategic tool for a supplier to influence retailer behavior in the product market. The unique structure of trade credit, a period of free financing followed by a high interest rate increases the cost of rolling over unsold goods making retailers more aggressive when...