The past two decades were characterized by high and persistent youth unemployment rates in Macedonia; this is despite the many active workfare policies addressed to the youth population. Thus, this paper contributes to the literature by investigating the impact that a longer unemployment spell...

The theoretical frameworks that explain the impact of trade openness on informal employment suggest an ambiguous effect that emphasises the importance of labour market rigidities. This has been verified in a few countries, based solely on microeconometric evidence. This study contributes to the...