By decomposing and analyzing the quadruple helix model and N-tuple helices into interacting triple helices, Leydesdorff and Lawton Smith’s (2022) research promises to open further the black box inside the higher-order helices, and provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the subsequent...

Constructing a network organization for global R&D is presented as a common sense practice in existing literature. However, there are still queries about the network organization, such as the persistence of hierarchies which make a network organization merely a “bureaucracy-lite”...