This paper studies the general deterrence effect associated with regulatory enforcement actions, using data on the quality violations and regulatory enforcement records of all 141,290 active drinking water systems in the U.S. between 1980 and 2017. We find that general deterrence among drinking...

This paper studies the general deterrence effect associated with regulatory enforcement actions, using data on the quality violations and regulatory enforcement records of all 141,290 active drinking water systems in the U.S. between 1980 and 2017. We find that general deterrence among drinking...

Involving strategic behavior of enterprises' technology licensing, this paper releases “the third market model” assumption, and establishes a game model of four-stage duopolistic R&D rivalry by means of backward induction used usually in the uncooperative game theory, to examine optimal R&D...