This article formulates a principled criminalisation framework in order to argue for the necessity of criminal sanctions as punishment under EC cartel law. It examines the traditional rationales of criminal punishment, demonstrating their relative merits and demerits. The theoretical usefulness...

Despite outward appearances, the flow of information between retailer and supplier in a “hub and spoke” arrangement can in certain circumstances be deemed to be horizontal in nature (i.e. equivalent in substance as a direct exchange from the retailer to her competitor). This article...

A global trend towards the criminalisation of cartel activity can be detected at present. What was once primarily a US phenomenon has become an international one, with countries as diverse as Israel, Brazil, and Australia pursuing a policy of cartel criminalization. The existence of criminal...