Previous research that investigated the relationship between the black market and the official exchange rate employed cointegration analysis to establish the long-run relationship and Granger causality to detect the short-run causality between the two rates (for a small number of countries). In...

The primary purpose of this article is to conduct the Fourier Nonlinear Unit Root Test to check Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) for seven cryptocurrencies traded in seventeen countries from 2010 to 2021. The unit root test provides moderate support to the PPP hypothesis when we use each...

Testing purchasing power parity (PPP) using black market exchange rate data has gained popularity in recent times. It is claimed that black market exchange rate data more often support the PPP than the official exchange rate data. In this study, to assess both the long run stability of exchange...

The literature on income inequality includes many studies that have tried to identify factors such as level of economic development, rate of economic growth, population growth, resource endowment, price instability, and openness as main determinant of income inequality. In this paper, we show...

This paper focuses on the analysis of the long-run response of the Real Exchange Rate (RER) to political risks and tests whether non-economic variables have an impact on RER in 31 emerging and developing countries. We use annual data from the International Country Risk Guide database over the...

Previous studies that included the exchange rate in the Korean demand for money assumed that the effects of the exchange rate changes are symmetric and adjustment process is linear. They found no significant effects. In this paper we apply Shin et al.'s (2014) Nonlinear ARDL approach to...

A number of recent studies have tested the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows, particularly for individual commodities, for various country pairs. These have found that risk can increase as well as decrease trade, but that oftentimes industries are not affected. This study...

Mundell's conjecture in 1963 that the demand for money could depend on the exchange rate in addition to income and interest rate has received some attention in the literature by including the official exchange rate and estimating the money demand in a few developed countries. In less developed...

Productivity differentials among countries are said to be one of the major sources that contribute to the deviation of the Purchasing Power Parity-based exchange rate from the equilibrium rate, hence the productivity bias hypothesis. Prior to last review article on the productivity bias...