This paper is a theoretical comparison which is mainly focused on the features of information flow by a set of measurements to examine the changes caused by ICTs. It is different from the analysis of information systems with regards to organization, management, strategy, and technology....

We propose a novel consumption measure that has a daily frequency and is based on real-time shopping data. Our measure explains the joint equity-premium–risk-free-rate puzzle with a risk aversion coefficient much lower than any other consumption measures. It encompasses other consumption...