We develop a mixed-frequency, tree-based, gradient-boosting model designed to assess the default risk of privately held firms in real time. The model uses data from publicly-traded companies to construct a probability of default (PD) function. This function integrates high-frequency,...

Establishing a sustainable industrial structure system is imperative for transforming the society to high-quality development and achieve the "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" goals. In this study, we explored a low-carbon pathway of regional industrial structure optimization to achieve a...

We study the revenue-maximizing mechanism when a buyer’s value evolves endogenously because of learning-by-consuming. A seller sells one unit of a divisible good, while the buyer relies on his private, rough valuation to choose his first-stage consumption level. Consuming more leads to a more...