This paper develops a bi-level optimization model for voluntary demand-side flexibility. The Distribution System Operator, in the Upper Level, maximizes welfare by investing in the network and setting the flexibility compensation. Consumers, in the Lower Level, can be prosumers and commercial...

In many countries, distribution grid tariffs are being reformed to adapt to the new realities of an electricity system with distributed energy resources. In Europe, legislative proposals have been made to harmonize these reforms across country borders. Many stakeholders have argued that...

A major problem in the expansion of renewable energies sources is finding the most adequate way to support them. The design of a suitable support scheme is necessary for an efficient development of renewable energies sources (RES). In Brazil, Many projects are delayed after getting the...