the different roles of stock holdings and option holdings in solving agency problems, managers may smooth past earnings … holdings aligning the interests of managers and shareholders, and managers using discretionary accruals to smooth past earnings … risk-taking by managers, and managers use discretionary accruals to mask volatility of less predictable earnings. Thus, we …

management (REM) to proxy for managerial short-termism. Using a difference-in-differences empirical design to exploit within …-firm variation in extreme weather exposure across time, we find that managers increase REM when exposed to more weather events. We … how managers respond to the growing threat of weather events. Our findings also provide empirical evidence supporting …

quality managers manipulate earnings via accruals rather than more costly real earnings management. As a result, competition … amplifies accrual earnings management by superior managers, but does not result in greater amounts of real earnings management …I contribute to the extensive earnings management literature by examining the effect of market competition on the …

managers select income-increasing accounting methods because they expect their income-based bonus to increase as a result of …