Fixed costs of ordering items or setting up a process arise in many real-life scenarios. In their presence, the most widely used ordering policy in the stochastic inventory literature is the (s, S) policy. Optimality of (s, S) policies and (s, S)-type policies have been investigated for various...

Pull contracts are extensively studied in supply chains, but without considering barter exchange, which can help to handle the excessive inventory. We examine this gap by exploring the implications of barter exchange in a wholesale-price pull contract within the framework of a two-level supply...