Cartels are a focus of concern for many reasons. Cartels cause a locative inefficiency by reducing production in order to raise market price. This forces consumers to pay significantly more money for products, from luxuries like high end art to necessities like vitamins and pharmaceuticals....

The emergence of a “global information society” in recent years, characterized by the advent of modern information technologies, has also given rise to increasing awareness of traditional knowledge (TK). TK is thus receiving increased attention in numerous policy debates, ranging from food...

Human communities have always generated, refined and passed on knowledge from generation to generation. Such “traditional” knowledge” is often an important part of their cultural identities. Traditional knowledge encompasses the beliefs, knowledge, practices, innovations, arts,...

Scholars debate whether intellectual property is truly property and the lessons learned about property rights in traditional property should be applied to property rights in inventions and other intellectual property.As we know, Intellectual property protects applications of ideas and...

Trade secrets and patents have a thin line of difference, indeed, and it is particularly for the integrity of trade secrets that prior user rights are very important. It is not possible and practicable to obtain patents on all patentable albeit marginal inventions and it would be much too...