This study estimates the location, composition, and investment implications of permanently reinvested earnings (PRE) reported in U.S. multinational corporations' (MNCs) consolidated financial statements. Our first set of analyses suggest that firms' PRE designations are motivated by both...

The rapid pace of digitalization forces new ventures to cope with external changes they cannot foresee. Improvisation is a crucial way for companies to respond effectively to sudden changes. However, the mechanisms underlying the improvisation-performance link are not fully understood. This...