We study the impact of tacit collusion on price dispersion in the U.S. airline industry. We find that tacit collusion driven by multimarket contact has a positive effect on prices, but a negative effect on price dispersion. Our empirical results suggest that airfares throughout the price...

We examine how competition impacts the provision of product quality. Using a unique data set of inflight amenities provided by U.S. airlines, we find that the composition of competition matters with significantly higher product quality (Wi-Fi, entertainment, and power) on more competitive routes...

This paper incorporates credit constraints into a model of global sourcing and heterogeneous firms. Following Antras and Helpman (2004), heterogeneous firms decide whether to outsource or integrate input suppliers. Financing of fixed organizational costs requires borrowing with credit...

This research constructs a simple dynamic model to illustrate the micro-mechanism of industrial upgrading along the global value chains. Our model demonstrates the following results. (1) Firms in the value chains manage to upgrade from downstream to upstream stages by acquiring higher...