Most prescription purchases in the US are covered by health insurance. Insurance companies typically develop a formulary structure to reduce the drug costs and improve patients' access to drugs. In this paper, we study how the formulary structure affects price competition between competing...

In practice, it is common, especially for online retailers, to bundle different products together during procurement to save transportation and handling costs. It is important to understand and theorize how to manage dynamic procurement by taking advantage of joint ordering in the presence of...