Do US Circuit Courts' decisions on criminal appeals influence sentence lengths imposed by US District Courts? This Element explores the use of high-dimensional instrumental variables to estimate this causal relationship. Using judge characteristics as instruments, this Element implements...

Using the context of the financial reform and the development of the non-state sector in China in the past decade, we examine the roles that the quality of information disclosure and property rights play in the allocation of different types of bank credit. We find that foreign banks and policy...

During COVID-19, the air industry has shrunk due to drastically reduced demand and flight bans. Air transport network optimization is significant in fleet routing design, which helps the air company to make a decision to open the new routes while maximizing the profit. We want to study when an...