Uncertainty about a CEO's ability is related to his/her length of service to a firm. Accordingly, monitoring systems should vary depending upon CEOs' tenure. Long-tenured CEOs require less monitoring because their ability has been revealed over time. However, as CEOs advance in their careers,...

I find that the value relevant components of special items and discontinued operations at the industry-level provide useful information to assess the performance of intangibles. Special items send noisy signals about future growth opportunities for firms within an industry, while discontinued...

We empirically examine the cash flow statements for Japanese banks and whether their managers engage in classification shifting to temper concerns about risk exposure. To create a buffer against liquidity shocks, they shift cash flows from investing and/or financing activities to operating...