A deeply entrenched axiom in the theory of learning states that the more one learns the easier it is to learn. In other words, the more proficient one becomes in performing familiar tasks, the easier it is to learn new tasks. This phenomenon, long recognized by psychologists and educators, has...

This paper reviews the foundations of causal mediation analysis and offers a general and transparent account of the conditions necessary for the identification of natural direct and indirect effects, thus facilitating a more informed judgment of the plausibility of these conditions in specific...

We address the problem of transferring causal knowledge learned in one environment to another, potentially different environment, when only limited experiments may be conducted at the source. This generalizes the treatment of transportability introduced in [Pearl and Bareinboim, 2011; Bareinboim and...

This paper reviews concepts, principles and tools that have led to a coherent mathematical theory of causation based on structural models. The theory provides solutions to a number of problems in causal inference, including questions of confounding control, policy analysis, mediation, missing...