The Interchange Fee Regulation is intended to help create a single market for card payments across the EU. Card payments are particularly important for cross-border and internet payments and so competitive card payments are essential for the development of the internal market. The Regulation...

Over the past decade competition authorities (CAs) and academic researchers have become increasingly interested in conducting ex-post economic evaluations of competition policy enforcement actions. The scepticism expressed at the end of 1990s by some academics about the benefits of competition...

A lot can be learnt from existing work on the micro and macroeconomic impacts of competition policy. Overall, this review of the literature confirms that competition policy contributes to the good functioning of markets and improves consumer welfare. The empirical research on the microeconomic...

The telecommunications industry has recently seen a significant increase in costly patent litigations which some commentators have called "smartphone patent wars". The precedent set by the two antitrust decisions in the Motorola and Samsung cases provides a path to "patent peace" in the...

The study was commissioned by the European Commission to Ernst & Young following a tender in 2011. It provides an overview of co(re)insurance pools after the adoption of the new BER and ad-hoc co(re)insurance agreements on the subscription market as well as an analysis of similarities and...