Vector error-correction models (VECMs) have become increasingly important in their application to financial markets. Standard full-order VECM models assume non-zero entries in all their coefficient matrices. However, applications of VECM models to financial market data have revealed that zero...

The primary focus of this study will be an analysis of the causal links, and an assessment of the causal positioning of the significant variables involved in the interactions, between prices and exchange rates. Do exchange rate movements lead to associated price changes or do price changes lead...