This paper explores the impact of the terms of trade on output fluctuations in. - Colombia, a developing country where as much as 62% of export earnings come. - from just four commodities: oil (42%), coal (14%), coffee (5%), and nickel (1%). This. - research was prompted by: the particular role...

The import and export price indices of an economy are usually compiled by some Laspeyres type index. It is well known that such an index formula is prone to substitution bias. Therefore, also the terms of trade (ratio of export and import price index) are likely to be distorted. The underlying...