The important data of economics are in the form of time series; therefore, the statistical methods used will have to be those designed for time series data. New methods for analyzing series containing no trends have been developed by communication engineering, and much recent research has been...

Hatanaka (1998a) showedthat the number of relations between deterministic trends of different variables played an important role in empirical studies of macroeconomic theories. In the present paper two methods are presented to determine the number from the time-series data. The one investigates...