exchange rate in a logarithm, while in the second phase, the cointegration of nominal exchange rate, domestic and foreign price … authors' knowledge, and taking into account Liu (1992), who states that it is more important to check the presence of co-integration … results suggest that all the real exchange rate time series are stationary, additionally, cointegration exists among all the …

We consider VAR models for variables exhibiting cointegration and common cyclical features. While the presence of … cointegration reduces the rank of the long-run multiplier matrix, other types of common features lead to rank reduction of the short …

In the conduct of empirical macroeconomic research, unit root, cointegration, common cycle, and related test statistics … substantive effect that incorrect transformation can have on the finite sample performance of common feature and cointegration …