This paper extends the family of smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) models by proposing a speci.cation in which the autoregressive parameters follow random walks. The random walks in the parameters capture permanent structural change within a regime switching framework, but in contrast to...

A Kalman filter for application to stationary or non-stationary time series is proposed. A major feature is a new initialisation method to accommodate non-stationary time series. The filter works on time series with missing values at any point of time including the initialisation phase. It can...

A Kalman filter for application to stationary or non-stationary time series is proposed. A major feature is a new initialisation method to accommodate non-stationary time series. The filter works on time series with missing values at any point of time including the initialisation phase. It can...