The concept of SCLM (seasonal or cyclical long memory) implies the existence of one or more spectral poles or zeros. The processes traditionally used to model such a behaviour assume the same persistence across different frequencies. In this paper, we propose semiparametric Wald and Lagrange...

This article investigates economic convergence in terms of real income per capita between the autonomous regions of Spain over the period 1955–2020. In order to converge, the series should be cointegrated. This necessary condition is checked using two testing strategies recently proposed for...