We provide a new definition of breakdown in finite samples with an extension to asymptotic breakdown. Previous definitions center around defining a critical region for either the parameter or the objective function. If for a particular outlier constellation the critical region is entered,...

Empirical research on European stock markets has shown that they behave differently according to the performance of the leading financial market identified as the US market. A positive sign is viewed as good news in the international financial markets, a negative sign means, conversely, bad...