In this paper, a time series of UK annuity income rates (AR) based on historical interest rates but modern mortality rates (hence the term “semi-historical”) has been derived for both nominal and inflation-linked annuities. The errors associated with the calculated rates for nominal...

In this article, we test a linear Gaussian space model and the Kalman filter ARMA(2,4) model to estimate logarithmic monthly returns of UK general and life insurance companies. This fact motivates us to use state space model that will reveal to us the final one – step ahead values of the...

In this paper we study the zero frequency spectral properties of fractionally cointegrated long memory processes and introduce a new frequency domain principal components estimator of the cointegration space and the factor loading matrix for the long memory factors. We find that for fractionally...