The primary purpose of this article is to conduct the Fourier Nonlinear Unit Root Test to check Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) for seven cryptocurrencies traded in seventeen countries from 2010 to 2021. The unit root test provides moderate support to the PPP hypothesis when we use each...

The autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), even though it distinguishes between the short run and the long run effect, allows both the intercepts and slopes to vary across countries. Static panel estimations, such as fixed-effects estimation (FE), cannot distinguish between the short run...

Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) conducted by the multilateral organizations like the World Bank and IMF falls under the domain of Judgmental Projection reflecting their views or judgment about the economy. The study incorporates time series forecast using ARIMA method to analyze debt...

Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) even though distinguishes between the short run and the long run effect allows both the intercepts and slopes to vary across countries. On the other hand, the static panel estimation such as fixed-effects estimation (FE) cannot distinguish between the...

The productivity bias hypothesis states that a relatively more productive country should experience a real appreciation of its currency. Most studies in the literature that have tested the hypothesis have employed cross-sectional data. Only a few studies have used time-series data and they have...