the causal connection between lack of exposure to commercial trade and proclivity to sudden stops. On the theoretical … front, the paper shows how exposure to trade raises the creditworthiness of countries and reduces the probability of sudden … trade increases the likelihood of default. A sudden stop takes place when the borrowers reject the amount that lenders want …

Openness to trade is one factor that has been identified as determining whether a country is prone to sudden stops in … problem that trade is endogenous. Using the gravity instrument for trade openness, which is constructed from geographical … determinants of bilateral trade, this paper finds that openness indeed makes countries less vulnerable, both to severe sudden stops …

market size, or government spending. We introduce trade costs and endogenous varieties in a two-country general … and differentiation costs also have higher GDP, but supply a larger array of goods at improved terms of trade. The sign of … the international welfare spillovers depends on terms of trade, but also on consumers' taste for variety. Higher domestic …

market size, or government spending. We introduce trade costs and endogenous varieties in a two-country general … and differentiation costs also have higher GDP, but supply a larger array of goods at improved terms of trade. The sign of … the international welfare spillovers depends on terms of trade, but also on consumers' taste for variety. Higher domestic …

The object of this study is to assess the role of trade structure and firms pricing behaviour in the transmission of … bilateral trade within a region, can actually limit the extent of beggar-thy neighbour effects while the opposite applies to the … trade integration with the EU might suggest that these countries, which significantly trade also with non EU countries …

Backus, Kehoe and Kydland in their analysis of the dynamic effect of terms of trade on the trade balance found that the … fairly well the dynamic effect of terms of trade on the trade balance for a large set of LDCs. This S-curve can also be …

, relative productivity, the trade balance and terms of trade. Countries with higher productivity, trade deficits or improved … terms of trade are found to have more appreciated real exchange rates, with the main channel of transmission working through … the relative price of nontraded goods. Exogenous terms of trade shocks are found to be the most important determinant of …