State-owned enterprises set a clear example of a mixed governance, in which the public and private realms blend together to bring about a complex structure we are going to define as dual governance. This paper puts forth a new design of governance for state-owned banks. Firstly, the whole...

IT outsourcing is becoming an integral part of the IS sourcing strategy for an increasing number of banks. It is often claimed that the Transaction Cost Framework provides a basis for sourcing decisions. Further the IT-department's capability to manage long-term relationships with its...

This paper extends a transaction costs framework to the nonprofit sector where information asymmetries are typically acute. I explore the decision of charitable foundations to place material restrictions on grants to nonprofits. Foundations often place constraints on grant use to limit...