Institutional economists have frequently cited trucks as prototypical user-owned assets, due to the perceived generic nature of such vehicles and the difficulty of monitoring their treatment by drivers. These scholars have consequently predicted a high prevalence of owner-operator drivers who...

A key argument in transaction cost economics (TCE) is that transactions are aligned with governance structures so as to effect a discriminating – mainly transaction cost economizing – match ( Williamson, 1991 ). The archetypical problem in TCE is the vertical integration or...