This study investigates how transfer pricing risk affects the premia in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Differences in the rigor of transfer pricing enforcement and the severity and clarity of rules across countries create risk of material costs for multinationals as they expand globally....

Do firms balance tax and operating considerations when making investment decisions? We investigate whether income-shifting aggressiveness affects new investments and predict firms that aggressively shift income will choose affiliate-level investments driven less by local investment...

Using a survey of tax executives from multinational corporations, we document that some firms set their transfer pricing strategy to minimize tax payments, but more firms focus on tax compliance. We estimate that a firm focusing on minimizing taxes has a GAAP effective tax rate that is 6.6...