Thinking among professional economists on the post-1989 Czechoslovak transformation reflected ideas they had developed over the preceding decades. The repressive "normalisation" period, after reform attempts of the late 1960s, led to a division into generational groups. An older group of...

This article covers the development of the Czech trade union movement after 1989. The emerging leadership aimed to emulate the most successful unions in Western Europe. The transformation into a movement emphasizing collective bargaining was generally successful, but membership, bargaining...