We examine the issue of gender power by developing four proxies using data from a field survey conducted in Izmir, Turkey. Four proxies for power include income, absolute and proportional spending, and personal leisure time and all are defined relative to the spouse. We find that women have...

Women earn less than men in general, and a woman's power within a household is presumably related to her income level. Our empirical results, based on the survey conducted on two income households from Izmir, Turkey, indicate that the division of surplus income is more or less egalitarian in...

This study explores the issue of internationalization through forming alliances with foreign capital in the small business sector in Turkey. Using a sample of 257 SMEs from this emerging market economy, collected via a field study, we investigate the impact of size (measured by investment levels...