We use the release by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board on May 18, 2010 showing its oversight of certain foreign auditors has been denied as a natural experiment to examine investors’ early valuation of the PCAOB’s international audit oversight on U.S. listed foreign companies....

We show in this paper that volatility measures can be misleading indicators of risk if returns do not follow a Gaussian distribution. A more reliable measure of risk is the probability distribution of the return on an asset. Estimators for these measures are usually challenging and need of...