We show including quantitative environmental targets for bureaucratic promotion incentivizes government officials to enforce environmental regulation but at significant economic costs. Taking advantage of the gradual expansion of China’s water quality performance review (WQPR) over time and...

Based on the existing research on environmental regulation (ER) and enterprise innovation, this paper separates green innovation ability from general technological innovation and divides it, from the perspective of motivation, into substantive green innovation (SUBGI) and symbolic green...