We review existing estimates of the size of the Spanish underground economy, apply the Ahumada et al. (Rev Income Wealth 53(2):363–371, <CitationRef CitationID="CR3">2007</CitationRef>) correction procedure to some of them and calculate the size of the underground economy in Spain for the period 1960–2009 by using the...</citationref>

Based on the Ahumada et al. (2007, Review of Income and Wealth) critique we revise existing estimates of the size of the German underground economy. Among other things, it turns out that most of these estimates are untenable and that the tax pressure induced size of the German underground...

We further refine the Modified-Cash-Deposits-Ratio (MCDR) approach, developed by Pickhardt and Sardà (2011, 2012) with a view to analyze size and causes of the cash using section of the underground economy. Among other things, we address the issue of cash hoarding. Findings include that the...