's productivity. We compare outsourcing in domestic with foreign-owned establishments. Our empirical results suggest that high wages …-owned firms have higher levels of outsourcing than domestic establishments. In the productivity analysis we find that an … establishment's outsourcing intensity is positively related to its labour productivity and total factor productivity growth and that …

productivity. We examine these claims. Non-parametric plots and regressions show a robust positive association between the … manufacturing sector and Business R&D expenditures (BERD), while the relationship between manufacturing and exports or productivity …