This chapter considers the larger patterns found in legal norms derived from U.S. engagement with international institutions during the modern period. It first outlines a conceptual framework for assessing engagement. It draws on the “two-level game” concept proposed by Robert Putnam as a...

This article, written for a symposium on Bond v. United States, connects the law and economics of contract interpretation to the Supreme Court’s modern practice of creating statutory interpretive presumptions. The paper compares information-forcing defaults, both majoritarian and penal, to...