We study a unique grading policy at a large US public university allowing students to mask their letter grades into a "Pass", after having observed their original grade. Using administrative transcript records, we find that female students are substantially less likely to mask their grades than...

We study whether gender differences in university major choices result from anticipated labor market discrimination. First, we document two novel facts using administrative transcript records from a large Midwestern university: women are less likely to study science, technology, engineering, and...

We analyze data from two universities that allowed students to conceal grades from their transcripts during the Covid-19 pandemic. Across both institutions, we observe a significant and substantial gender concealment gap: women are less likely than men to conceal grades that would harm their...

This paper studies how globalization affects corporate tax planning strategies of U.S. manufacturing firms. Using U.S. granting China Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) as a quasi-natural experiment, we find a significant increase in tax avoidance for firms facing higher exposure to Chinese...

The 2018 U.S.-China trade war has spurred wide-spread debates about the effects of Chinese imports on U.S. society. We examine the effect of United States' conferral of Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) on China — a policy that eliminates the uncertainty of future tariff increases for...