This paper examines the U.S. government's intramural research and development efforts over a 40-year period, drawing together multiple human capital, government spending, and patent datasets. The U.S. Federal Government innovates along four dimensions: technological, organizational, regulatory,...

In 1944, Martin Crowe, a Catholic priest, wrote a doctoral dissertation titled The Moral Obligation of Paying Just Taxes. His dissertation summarized and analyzed 500 years of theological and philosophical debate on this topic, much of which took place in Latin. Since Crowe's dissertation, not...

Exporting countries are concerned that sanitary standards might shield domestic industry from foreign competition. This study analyzes economic effects of changes in Western Hemisphere sanitary requirements on broiler trade in the Americas. A mathematical programming model detects that if Brazil...

This article provides one of the first critical looks at the interface between the values of the sustainable food movement and its rising use of litigation. In particular, it focuses on two growing areas of food sustainability litigation "challenges to CAFOs and challenges to the use of...

The U.S. dairy program, administered through federal and state governments, subsidizes milk production and regulates dairy prices. By boosting prices, the dairy program encourages overproduction. It also penalizes more efficient farmers in the futile attempt to prop up smaller dairy farmers and...

Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling (MCOOL) was implemented on seafood in the United States on April 4, 2005. MCOOL exempts the food service sector and excludes processed seafood from labeling. This paper contributes to understanding the economics of the MCOOL law for seafood by showing that...

In December 1994, in Miami (the United States), Heads of democratic States of the Americas met to formalize the will of constructing a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). Between the FTAA issues to be negotiated, agriculture was particularly relevant to two main states: Brazil and United...

This paper analyzes the impact of an ethanol import tariff in conjunction with a consumption mandate and tax credit. A tax credit alone acts as a subsidy to ethanol producers, equally benefiting exporters like Brazil. If an import tariff is imposed to offset the tax credit, world prices of...