We show that economic incentives affect the number and commercial value of inventions generated in universities. Using panel data for 102 U.S. universities during the period 1991-1999, we find that universities which give higher royalty shares to academic scientists generate more inventions and...

Using new data on citations to university patents and scientific publications, and measures of distance based on Google maps, we study how geography affects university knowledge diffusion. We show that knowledge flows from patents are localized in two respects: they decline sharply with distance...

Economic incentives affect the number and commercialvalue of inventions generated in universities. Controlling for factorssuch as university size and research funding, an analysis of panel datacollected between 1991 and 1999 for 102 universities in the United Statesreveals that universities...