This paper proposes a theory for why firms conduct some research activities in-house while outsourcing other projects to independent partners, and for why firms retain different degrees of control over collaborative research projects. The focus in on the determinants of a company`s choice to...

Commercialization of university-developed technologieshas increased in recent years among U.S. universities due to policies promotingacademic technology transfer. These provisions have been influential in thecreation of similar policies in Europe and Japan. Recent researchregarding the success...

We define academic Entrepreneurship here as the creation of new businesses based on university-developed knowledge. We review the legislative and organizational interventions enacted to foster academic entrepreneurship; the form, magnitude and performance of this activity; and the tradeoffs...

This paper proposes a model of the choice to commercialize research and of the amount and type of pre-commercial research to perform, of the timing of commercialization by an academic scientist, and analyzes the returns and costs of these choices. The behavior and performance of the academic...

In this chapter, we review the literature that analyzes how the peculiar missions, rules, and incentive systems in the scientific community affect the process and outcomes of the commercialization of academic research. We will focus on how the peculiar institutional logics of academia determine...