Entrepreneurship holds a crucial and integral role in achieving internationally agreed sustainable development goals covering a broad range of problems related, but not limited, to decent work, economic growth, and poverty. However, developing countries often lack capital-raising mechanisms and...

This study investigates alternative equity-based financing models and proposes a waqf-owned (that could also be called philanthropy-, endowment-, trust-, foundation-, and third sector-based) financial intermediary (WOFI). We do so by developing the agent-based model and scenario-based computer...

Entrepreneurs and SMEs hold a crucial role in reaching a sustainable future by promoting decent work, innovation-driven development, and thus inequality reduction, which all fall into the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In hydrocarbon-based rentier states, however, large enterprises are...