In this article, we examine how startup firms finance their operations over time. We empirically test the financial growth cycle theory developed by Berger and Udell (1998) using the Kauffman Firm Survey data, the largest longitudinal data set comprised of all U.S. startups launched in 2004....

The main purpose of this study is to simultaneously examine the pecking order and trade-off theories of capital structure and determine which one performs better for a sample of US firms. Our empirical models, which allow the financing coefficient and the rate of adjustment to vary with the...

Most of the previous studies on the firms' debt-equity choice utilize the standard single equation Probit (or logit) model as if firms face a single dichotomous decision to issue debt or equity, but not both. In this study, we examine the factors affecting the choice between internal and...

The main purpose of this study is to examine the validity of putting the pecking order and trade-off theories of capital structure in a horse race. Our empirical models, which allow the financing coefficient and the rate of adjustment to vary with the firms' characteristics, provide evidence...

In this article we examine how startup businesses finance their operations over time. We employ the Latent growth modeling technique to test the financial growth cycle theory developed by Berger and Udell (1998). The data used in this study is the Kauffman Firm Survey, the largest longitudinal...

Serfling (2016) examines how the increase in firing costs impacts the capital structure decisions of firms and hypothesizes that higher firing costs of labor lead to a decline in a firm’s financial leverage use by directly increasing its distress costs and indirectly lifting its operating...

Empirical evidence overwhelmingly supports a negative relation between the strictness of labor protection laws and a firm’s financial leverage. Given the unique economic and financial environments in China, we examine if the same relationship applies to Chinese firms after the enactment of the...