Patent data provide a rich set of information which can be used for comparative studies and trend analysis. The paper presents a systematic overview of the most appropriate tools methodologies that are available for determining the technological specialization of countries. Such analysis...

Patents should no longer be granted for DNA, but only for new medicinal products, new vaccines and genetic tests which are developed on the basis of DNA. Only in this way, patent law can gain general acceptance in civil and academic society, without losing sight of the interests of the biotech...

In recent years, the number of research and development (R&D) partnerships between firms has substantially increased. From the perspective of the individual firm, these partnerships are formed in order to share the risks and benefits of R&D. At the macro level, they result in a global spanning...

This paper examines the determinants of international technology agreements in the global tire industry between 1985 and 1996. The empirical investigation combines firm level data on establishment, patenting, and alliance activity with dyad and country specific variables to explain the observed...

Investments in Ramp;D can influence a firm's ability to develop new products and to create and adopt innovative technologies that may enhance productivity. However, due to uncertainty regarding the outcome, investments in Ramp;D may lead to an agency problem between the owners and the managers...

Prior research has identified individual characteristics that distinguish business owners from non-business owners. We tested our contention that not every successful business owner can be characterized by such typical ldquo;entrepreneurialrdquo; characteristics. Multiple Analysis of Variance...

Analyzing a cross-country panel of 16 OECD countries from 2002 to 2005, we find that higher unemployment benefits crowd out nascent entrepreneurial activity. Our results hold regardless of entrepreneurial motivation (necessity or opportunity) and entrepreneurial type (imitative or innovative)