The present paper introduced financing constraints (FC) to examine the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and technological innovation capability (TIC). We employed Bloomberg’s ESG disclosure score covering the period 2011–2019, using overall...

This paper introduces endogenous characteristics of enterprises to examine the non-linear relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and the internal pay gap (IPG). We employed Bloomberg’s ESG disclosure score covering the period 2011–2019 to identify the...