In this paper, we investigate the synchronization between the two echelons in two-echelon urban distribution systems. The first echelon aims at transferring goods from a warehouse to a (single) city hub located in the city center. The second echelon, managed with a fleet of environmentally...

We propose a generalization of the multi-depot capacitated vehicle routing problem where the assumption of visiting each customer does not hold. In this problem, called the Multi-Depot Covering Tour Vehicle Routing Problem (MDCTVRP), the demand of each customer could be satisfied in two...