whereby Dallas school teachers paid $6 a year to the University Hospital and were extended hospital care without further … charge [1, p. 5 ]. From this beginning grew Blue Cross plans, pioneers in the health insurance field. Commercial insurance … companies became important sellers of health insurance after 1941. More recently, independent health plans such as those …

increase hospital prices to rivals to steer demand to integrated partners. We estimate the model using administrative data on …

levels of exclusion. Pairing our framework with hospital and insurance demand estimates from Ho and Lee (2017), we compare … social, consumer, and insurer-optimal hospital networks for the largest non-integrated HMO carrier in California across … exclusion has no significant effect on social surplus but increases hospital prices and premiums and lowers consumer surplus …

We evaluate the consequences of narrow hospital networks in commercial health care markets. We develop a bargaining … negotiated hospital rates. Regulation prohibiting exclusion increases prices and premiums and lowers consumer welfare without …

We evaluate the consequences of narrow hospital networks in commercial health care markets. We develop a bargaining … negotiated hospital rates. Regulation prohibiting exclusion increases prices and premiums and lowers consumer welfare without …